source de la durance

This is a list of rivers longer than 20 kilometres (12 mi) that flow into the Durance. Claude Gouron, photographer, Helene Vesian, author of the texts. [1] The Durance itself is a tributary of the Rhône and flows into the Rhône near Avignon. Jean Giudicelli, “original Characteristics of the river”, Direction of the environment, of sustainable development and agriculture. There were only 10 raftmen remaining in 1896 and only one in 1908.[44]. Ă partir du XIXe siĂ¨cle et surtout durant la seconde moitiĂŠ du XXe siĂ¨cle, elle subĂŽt d'importants travaux d'amĂŠnagement qui ont eu pour effet de dĂŠtourner la majeure partie de ses eaux vers l'ĂŠtang de Berre. Otters have recently become extinct in the entire catchment area. [20], In the 20th century, the floods were less frequent and violent thanks to the dams and the re-afforestation in the Durance basin, but there were still serious floods in 1957 and 1994 with maxima measured at Mirabeau and at Sisteron of 2,800 cubic metres per second (99,000 cu ft/s); and this volume was increased at the confluence with the Verdon by a further 500 cubic metres per second (18,000 cu ft/s). The Durance provides today two-thirds of the water for the city of Marseilles. "Toponomie de la Drome, Dictionnaire Etymologique des Communes, Peuples Anciens, Fleuves, Rivieres, Montagnes du Departement de la Drome". [36] The changes in the flow also limited river navigation (in spite of size of the river in periods with a high flow. Pendant la glaciation de Riss , la source de la Durance se trouve aux environs de Sisteron, là où commence la calotte glaciaire qui recouvre alors les Alpes. Or, la Durance y joue un rĂ´le majeur, puisqu'elle y constitue Ă la fois la principale ressource en eau et la principale voie de communication vers le nord-est. Le canal aujourd’hui. Railway viaduct on the line from Saint-Auban to, Three viaducts for LGV Méditerranée at Cavaillon (length - 940, 900 et 1500 metres), Twin viaducts for Route nationale RN7 and for the. The dams in the valley have reduced the incidence of floods and so have allowed the colonisation of alluvial space by alder and poplar in riparian forests. Le petit ruisseau descend rapidement le col de Montgenèvre* et rejoint la Clarée* après 8 km de course. Direction of the environment, of sustainable development and agriculture. The confluence with the Ubaye was flooded as the lake filled. France Montagnes est l'association regroupant les principaux acteurs du tourisme de montagne en France afin de promouvoir la destination et ses bienfaits à l'échelle nationale et internationale. Workers known as nautes had a monopoly of transport on large rivers and used boats, whereas the utricularii operated on the small rivers and in the marshes using rafts floating on inflated goatskins. The lowest water levels occur in winter in the upper valley, and in summer in the middle and lower part of the river. The sources of the water are a combination of melting snow and the drainage of rain from the surrounding hills and plateaux which have a Mediterranean climate. Some of the water diverted by the dams is used for irrigation. Currently there are between 150 and 200 species of benthic macroinvertebrates,[30] but with few plant species (due to the greatly changing flow of the river). Bernard Amouretti, “However, the valley of the Durance was always an axis of passage”, Direction of the environment, of sustainable development and agriculture, Jean-Paul Clébert and Jean-Pierre Rouyer, "La Durance", Privat, Toulouse, 1991, in the collection. The source of La Durance is on the northern slope of the Sommet des Anges, where the first small streams combine into a river. [8] For comparison, at approximately 100 kilometres (62 mi) from its source, the Isère is at 330 metres (1,080 ft) altitude and the Durance at 700 metres (2,300 ft), which contributes partially to its fast-flowing nature, including in the lower part of the river. The major part of the flow was diverted into canals downstream from Serre-Ponçon, and the flow in the river's natural bed is a minimal flow of 2 to 5 cubic metres per second (71 to 177 cu ft/s), which is only 1/40 of its natural flow. Clébert & Rouyer, "La Durance", pp.180-183. The Durance is the second longest (after the Saône) of the tributaries of the Rhône and the third largest in terms of its flow (after the Saône and Isère). LA SOURCE DE LA DURANCE Prenant sa source à 2 300 mètres d’altitude, à Montgenèvre, la Durance déroule ensuite ses flots sur 324 kilomètres pour se jeter enfin, dans le Rhône à Avignon. The valley narrows for a few kilometres until the water gap at Mirabeau, at a depth of 200 metres (660 ft),[10] then widens again into an even broader plain until the confluence with the Rhône south of Avignon. Consequently, it is classified as a Natura 2000 protected area. An FM local radio station is called Radio Durance. Parmi les accidents gĂŠologiques qui ont dĂŠterminĂŠ le tracĂŠ actuel du cours de la Durance, il faut citer l'enfoncement de la riviĂ¨re dans le GapenĂ§ais, dans la barre de Sisteron et enfin dans l'anticlinal de Mirabeau oĂš la cluse de la Durance atteint 300 mĂ¨tres de profondeur. [44] This ferry at Cadenet and one at Mirabeau were used to transport flocks of sheep for seasonal migrations. Vitesse Denivelé horaire Puissance. The latter's tributaries bring rain water mainly in spring, autumn and winter but little during the summer. The volume of water flowing through the canal is 10 cubic metres per second (350 cu ft/s) with the slope of 0.36 metres per kilometre (1.9 ft/mi). Comme elle, ses principaux affluents, la Clarée, le Fournel, l'Ubaye, le Buëch, l'Asse, la Bléone, Le Verdon, prennent leur source dans les Alpes du Sud. The construction of the Marseille canal in the middle of the 19th century allowed the metropolitan area of Marseille to develop quickly. [1] They are listed in order of the confluence, starting upstream. From there to Marseille the canal follows an 80-kilometre (50 mi) path, of which 17 kilometres (11 mi) is underground. Une partie de la Durance constitue la frontiĂ¨re mĂŠridionale du Parc naturel rĂŠgional du Luberon et du dĂŠpartement du Vaucluse. De façon générale, nous utilisons les informations que vous nous fournissez pour la gestion et le développement de notre activité. invasive are becoming more problematic including coypu[31] and the recently arrived muskrat. It then continues south combining with the Gyronde — the Écrins glacial stream — at L'Argentière-la-Bessée. Courbes. L'amĂŠnagement contemporain de la Durance, entrepris Ă partir de janvier 1955 et de la ÂŤ Loi d'amĂŠnagement de Serre-PonĂ§on et la basse Durance Âť a considĂŠrablement modifiĂŠ l'hydrologie de la riviĂ¨re. • Principale rivière des Alpes du Sud, affluent du bas Rhône (rive gauche), elle mesure 305 km. For some families of birds the number of individuals also increased. In French cinema is the setting of the film L'Eau vive by François Villiers is during the construction of the dam at Serre-Ponçon. The Romanian surrealist painter, Victor Brauner, took refuge in 1942 in Remollon and made several paintings on materials that he found.[52]. The confluence with the Guil occurs below Guillestre and Mont-Dauphin. [42]) The timber was used in the towns of the southern plains and in the shipyards. NĂŠanmoins, son cours constituait aussi une voie majeure reliant les Alpes Ă la Basse-Provence : Ă ce titre, la Voie Domitienne romaine suivait son lit jusqu'aux Alpes pour desservir la Narbonnaise. Ainsi, en plus de traiter les demandes de nos clients, les informations nous aident à améliorer le contenu de notre site, et à développer de nouveaux produits et services. The Durance receives only one significant tributary on this last part of its course: the Calavon, which flows around the Lubéron range to the north. De nos jours, enfin, l'autoroute inachevĂŠe de SisteronâGap bĂŠnĂŠficie encore de la pĂŠnĂŠtrante qu'offre la Durance pour dĂŠsenclaver la haute Provence et, Ă terme, le Champsaur. [31] Avian diversity increased after the dams were built, but there was probably once a greater diversity. From there the canal diverges to the west from the Durance to Le Puy-Sainte-Réparade. La faune s'est quant Ă elle dĂŠveloppĂŠe durant les derniĂ¨res dĂŠcennies : en particulier, plus de 300 espĂ¨ces diffĂŠrentes d'oiseaux peuplent la Durance, soit en permanence (un peu moins de la moitiĂŠ), soit lors de migrations saisonniĂ¨res. La Durance prend sa source à 2 390 mètres d'altitude, au pré de Gondran, sur les pentes du sommet des Anges . In the Middle Ages, the county of Forcalquier stretched all along the Durance, from Cavaillon to La Roche-de-Rame, close to Embrun. But the silting and the lack of oxygen has greatly reduced the number of trout. Il peut varier exceptionnellement de 70 Ă 10 000 mĂ¨tres cubes par seconde, avec une moyenne ĂŠtablie entre 125 et 350 mĂ¨tres cubes par seconde. For several years a club has revived the tradition of rafting, each year building rafts from tree trunks then navigating a section of the Durance with them. The Durance then flows south-south-west and flows into the Lac de Serre-Ponçon just downstream of Embrun. C'est l'arbre de vie de la Provence. [45] Thereafter, there is evidence of ferries at many other places notably Rognonas, La Brillanne (13th century), Noves, Orgon, Le Puy-Sainte-Réparade, Meyrargues, Pertuis, Peyrolles, that of Cante-Perdrix in Mirabeau, Manosque, Giropey, Château-Arnoux, Le Bourguet, Volonne, Bompas. C'est dans le Briançonnais, à Montgenèvre, que la Durance prend sa source. Catherine Lonchambon, “From one bank to another of the Durance: strange boats”. Guy Barruol, “the Durance in Antiquity and with the Middle Ages”, p.25. This descent stays relatively steep after this confluence, then shallows to approximately 0.33% in its middle course (to the Mirabeau bridge), then 0.24% in its lower course. Average monthly discharge (m 3 /s) at Saint-Paul-lès-Durance Course [ change | change source ] The Durance starts in the pré de Gondran (" meadow of Gondran"), on the east side of the Sommet des Anges mountain , in the commune of Montgenèvre (a ski resort near Briançon ), Hautes-Alpes department, at an elevation of about 2,325 m (7,628 ft). The bas-reliefs at Cabrières-d'Aigues depict the river being used for the transport of various liquid food products such as wine and olive oil. Durant la mĂŞme pĂŠriode, d'importants travaux d'endiguement furent d'abord motivĂŠs par la nĂŠcessitĂŠ de mettre un terme aux dĂŠgats provoquĂŠs par les crues rĂŠcurrentes de la riviĂ¨re : ainsi, un proverbe d'Ancien RĂŠgime citait la Durance parmi les trois flĂŠaux de la Provence. Just before the narrow gap in the mountains at Sisteron, the Durance joins Buëch and the Sasse. Les principaux affluents de la Durance sont : Parmi ces derniers, le Verdon a fait l'objet d'un amĂŠnagement hydroĂŠlectrique simultanĂŠ Ă celui de la basse Durance sur son cours moyen et infĂŠrieur. The valley of the Durance is a route through the Alps, used by the Via Domitia. Source de la Durance (Randonnée Pédestre) En cache. 300.000 – 120.000 ans. La Durance dont la source se situe sur la commune de Cervières (05100) a une longueur de 323.5 Km en France et se termine sur la commune de Les Angles (30133). Cette derniĂ¨re alimente d'autre part par son canal une quinzaine de centrales hydroĂŠlectriques, fournissant prĂ¨s de la moitiĂŠ des besoins en ĂŠlectricitĂŠ de la rĂŠgion par ce moyen. In addition to main dam at Serre-Ponçon, there are dams at Espinasses, Sisteron, L'Escale and Cadarache. Il n’y a pas à proprement parler une source de la Durance. The irrigation syndicates and the local services that maintained the roads and bridges requested exceptional help from the State. Three types of islands are formed in the bed of the Durance: Between the Vaucluse and the Bouches-du-Rhône : Dams have been built since the Middle Ages to prevent flooding. The flood of 1872 also swept away the 1847 bridge at Mallemort. Âť, dĂŠvie la plus grande partie de l'eau de la riviĂ¨re jusqu'Ă l'ĂŠtang de Berre en suivant le lit naturel de cette derniĂ¨re. Lorsque la Durance change son cours pour devenir un affluent du Rhône , elle se jette d’abord dans le Rhône en amont d ‘Avignon , au nord du Rocher des Doms . Découvrez la pêche de la truite en Haute-Savoie/Savoie et Jura en suivant Lud'Eau Pêche membre de la Team HCHARPENEL (fabriquant de cannes "made in France") The Durance (Durença in Occitan or Durènço in Mistralian) is a major river in south-eastern France. De façon générale, nous utilisons les informations que vous nous fournissez pour la gestion et le développement de notre activité. Cette derniĂ¨re, riche en alluvions, est rĂŠputĂŠe pour ses cultures maraĂŽchĂ¨res, notamment au niveau de Cavaillon. Elle prend ses sources vers 2 390 mètres d'altitude, au pré de Gondran, sur les pentes du sommet des Anges. These are only ever swept away by exceptional floods; accumulations of tree trunks and branches. Certaines espĂ¨ces sont faiblement reprĂŠsentĂŠes : bouviĂ¨res, rotengles et loches de riviĂ¨re. The few factories that used the river's energy have closed (an aluminium factory at L'Argentière-la-Bessée) or are being closed (Arkema at Saint-Auban). Les eaux détournées de la Durance, aménagée depuis les années 1960, sont indispensables à la prospérité de la Provence. La rivière Durance prend sa source au départ de Montgenèvre, à 2 300 mètres d'altitude, et continue sa traversée pendant plus de 300 kilomètres pour se jeter dans le Rhône. (Dans le cas oĂš le nombre total de contributions est supĂŠrieur au nombre affichĂŠ sur la page dâhistorique du document, veuillez utiliser les liens de navigation pour obtenir la liste complĂ¨te des auteurs. When the flow is low, most of the water in the river now flows in "industrial channels" which by-pass the natural course of the river to run through hydro-electric power stations. ›› Durance ou Clarée ? La Durance est une riviĂ¨re Ă rĂŠgime torrentiel. A statue of Janus was erected at Montgenèvre, the only passage between Cisalpine Gaul and Gallia Narbonensis[39]Strabon (1st century) reported that a ferry was established in Cavaillon,[40] The great Roman way from Spain to Italy only crossed the Durance at Cavaillon and Sisteron. Nicolas Masras, "The Durance, source and border", in Jacques Sapiega. 7km +415m/-408m. The first known irrigation canal is the Canal Saint-Julien, dug in 1171 by the Marquis de Forbin. A river is known as "capricious", alternating between its feared flash floods (it was called the third plague of Provence) and its low water levels. Plus grand barrage d'Europe avec une hauteur de 120 mĂ¨tres et une basse de 600 mĂ¨tres d'ĂŠpaisseur, Serre-PonĂ§on utilise son propre poids pour rĂŠsister Ă une partie de la pression. [34] The European brook lamprey has been seen in recent times but it may have disappeared since.[35]. Cecile Miramont, Denis Furestier, Guy Barruol, Catherine Lonchambon, This page was last edited on 23 September 2020, at 03:27. The Durance was ceased to carry freight because of competition from road and rail. Ces sédiments représente 550 millions de tonnes , soit environ 400 millions de t pour la seule Durance (l’équivalent d’une dune de 200m de large sur 10 m de haut sur 200km de long) Carte: source Ifremer Échelle: env 50km Twelve million years ago, the Durance flowed directly into the Mediterranean. The oldest known one was the one between La Roque-d'Anthéron and Cadenet (in Gontard), recorded in 1037. Montgenèvre fait partie des plus anciennes stations de ski de France. The valley widens still further into an alluvial plain several kilometres wide (5 kilometres (3.1 mi) near Manosque). The width across the surface of the canal is 9.4 metres (31 ft), and 3 metres (9.8 ft) at its base. In the vicinity of L'Escale a port existed before the Roman conquest, but was developed during the 1st century BC, and was prosperous until the Crisis of the 3rd Century, before recovering its economic activity until the beginning of the 5th century.[41]. The Verdon flows into the Durance near Cadarache. Née sur les onfins de l’Italie, au Chenaillet près du ol de Montgenèvre, la … Les dĂŠpartements et principales villes traversĂŠs sont : Au PliocĂ¨ne, la Durance ĂŠtait un fleuve et se jettait dans la mer au niveau du golfe de Fos : ses dĂŠpĂ´ts ont formĂŠ la plaine caillouteuse de la Crau. The Durance is the longest river in Metropolitan France without a department named after it. Point de vue n°2 : La Durance. Son bassin, qui couvre une superficie de 14 200 km2, soit la moitié de la région Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur, est, après celui de la Saône (30 000 km2), le plus important bassin affluent du Rhône. [38] As the ice-cap receded, the Durance course changed towards the west, between Luberon and Alpilles, and flowed into the Rhône.[38]. In the 12th century the Durance had swept away the town of Rama (between Briançon and Embrun, with the confluence of Biaisse) . Sur le plan ĂŠconomique, Ă partir du Moyen Ăge et jusqu'au dernier quart du XIXe siĂ¨cle, les eaux de la Durance furent notamment utilisĂŠes pour le flottage du bois, commerce placĂŠ aux mains de radeliers professionnels de l'Embrunnais (l'arrivĂŠe du chemin de fer dans les vallĂŠes alpines mit fin Ă cette activitĂŠ), tandis qu'un rĂŠseau serrĂŠ de chemins de desserte ĂŠtait utilisĂŠ par les travailleurs saisonniers alpins, ou ÂŤ gavots Âť, pour gagner la basse-Provence. The Durance is represented in the form of an ornate monument at the Palais Longchamp, in Marseille, built between 1862 and 1869 by the architect Espérandieu, to celebrate the arrival of water from the Durance, via the Canal de Marseille. Prenez la deuxième passerelle, traversez le ruisseau et allez jusqu'au bout de la digue, vue sur la Durance. Accès professionnels : Espace Presse - … Guy Valencia, "Hydraulics and morphology of the bed in zone of Piedmont and plain", Direction of the environment, of sustainable development and agriculture. La Durance fournit 75% de l'eau consommée en PACA. La Durance Entourée des sommets de Château Jouan (2565 m), des Anges (2459 m) et du Chenaillet (2650 m), la Durance* prend sa source à 2280 m d'altitude dans le domaine skiable de Montgenèvre. The river only runs through the towns of Briançon and Sisteron — built where the banks are very steep — the other towns are built on slopes close to the river: The Durance catchment area extends to three other departments: Var, Drôme and Alpes-Maritimes. Formation gĂŠologique, hydrologie et amĂŠnagement, 4. Jacques Sapiega, géorama, "The Durance & The Verdon". The Durance is documented in Ancient Greek as drouentios potamos and in Latin as Druentia (1st century), Durantia (854, 1271) and Durentia (1127). The Durance is better known than the other two rivers because the Durance valley is an old and important trade route, whereas the valleys of the Clarée and Guisane are effectively dead ends.[4][5]. There are approximately 75 species of mammals in the Durance catchment area, including: Eurasian beaver, southwestern water vole, Eurasian water shrew, many species of bat (barbastelle (Barbastella barbastellus, large murine (Myotis myotis), large rhinolophe (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum), minioptère of Schreibers (Miniopterus schreibersi), small murine (Myotis blythii), small rhinolophe (Rhinolophus hipposideros), vespertilion with indented ears (Myotis emarginatus), and vespertilion of Capaccini (Myotis capaccinii)). In more recent times even suspension bridges often had to be re-built after floods. Its total drainage area is 14,225 square kilometres (5,492 sq mi). The river with its valley is an important biological corridor, within the national green infrastructure and the Pan-European ecological network. This quality was obtained thanks to actions of clean-up projects on the river itself and on the tributaries of the Luye and Calavon (also called le Coulon)). Catherine Lonchambon, “From one bank to another: the “trail ferry””, Direction of the environment, of sustainable development and agriculture. [29] These channels can take up to 250 cubic metres per second (8,800 cu ft/s), so that it is only at the time of high flows that the water not diverted uses the river's natural channel. gravel banks, brought by the floods, and generally without or with little vegetation; sand and silt banks, which can be highly fertile for plants like willow. [7], At Mirabeau, the lowest flow was 27 cubic metres per second (950 cu ft/s) (during the drought of 1921) i.e. The banks, although less wet, still accommodate 110 species of birds during the year, plus 82 species of migratory birds, which rest, feed and sometime reproduce. La plus importante rivière de Provence, la Durance, y prend sa source à 2390 mètres d'altitude sur les pentes du sommet des Anges, au pré de Gondran. Le barrage de Serre-PonĂ§on (Ă 780 mĂ¨tres d'altitude), construit au confluent de la Durance et de l'Ubaye de 1955 Ă mai 1961 a constituĂŠ par sa mise en eau un lac artificiel comparable en volume au lac naturel d'Annecy, avec 1,2 milliards de mĂ¨tres cubes d'eau stockĂŠs sur une superficie de 2 900 hectares (dont 200 millions de mĂ¨tres cubes rĂŠservĂŠs Ă l'agriculture). Jean Giudicelli and Karine Viciana, "The Durance today", Direction of the environment, of sustainable development and agriculture. the ancient bridge of Sisteron which was rebuilt in 1365. the best known writer to be inspired by the Durance. The canal is made out of concrete, and the aqueducts out of stone or stone and brick. Longue de 305 kilomètres, la Durance est le second plus grand affluent du Rhône, juste après la Saône. There were two groups of utriculari, one in Sisteron and one in Riez. [3] Similar names are found in the names of many rivers in the Western Alps: Dora in Italy, Dranse in Haute-Savoie, and the Drôme in south-eastern France. Christophe Garrone, “the artificial wetlands basic Durance”, Direction of the environment, of sustainable development and agriculture. The 1852 floods affected the entire basin of the Durance, from Sisteron to its confluence in Avignon. AprĂ¨s son passage dans d'ĂŠtroites gorges alpines sur son cours supĂŠrieur (en amont du lac de Serre-PonĂ§on), le bassin versant de la Durance, qui couvre au total prĂ¨s de la moitiĂŠ du territoire de la rĂŠgion Provence-Alpes-CĂ´te d'Azur, est caractĂŠrisĂŠ par une plaine fertile qui s'ouvre de part et d'autre du piĂŠmont de son cours moyen (jusqu'Ă la cluse de Mirabeau) et s'ĂŠtale jusqu'au massif du Luberon au nord et jusqu'aux Alpilles au sud sur son cours infĂŠrieur. Cecile Miramont, "History of river landscapes", in Guy Barruol, Denis Furestier, Catherine Lonchambon. The middle part of the Durance runs through a landscape that changes as the valley increasingly widens. This descent stays re… [13], The height of the water at the gorge at Cadarache is at 472 millimetres (18.6 in), after an average of 750 millimetres (30 in) of rain because 63% of the rain flows into the Durance. The silt in the river bed has become stabilised by vegetation and this also reduces the flow. Rail viaduct for the old Paris - Marseille line south of Avignon. La Durance prend sa source dans les Hautes Alpes, à 2632 m d'altitude, au mont Chenaillet, près du col de Montgenèvre et donc de la frontière italienne. Options. [40] Gallo-Romans used the towpaths (helciarii) and the wind to move upstream. Barrage de Serre-PonĂ§on et amĂŠnagements hydroĂŠlectriques, Les gorges de la Durance sur la ligne de chemin de fer Veynes-BrianĂ§on, Syndicat mixte d'amĂŠnagement de la vallĂŠe de la Durance, CommunautĂŠ de communes de la moyenne Durance, Identification des diffĂŠrents lits de la Durance par photo-interprĂŠtation, Laboratoire de GĂŠophysique et GĂŠodynamique, http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durance (riviĂ¨re), WikipĂŠdia : lâencyclopĂŠdie libre et gratuite, AURORAE LIBRI : livres anciens, textes rares & illustrĂŠs modernes, VINTAGE-ERA : informatique vintage, retro gaming, jeux de rĂ´les et imprimĂŠs des annĂŠes 1970-2000, Bouches-du-RhĂ´ne : Peyrolles-en-Provence. Son autre nom est canal edf de sisteron, rivière la durance Vous avez la permission de copier, distribuer et/ou modifier ce document selon les termes de la Licence de documentation libre GNU, version 1.2 ou plus rĂŠcente publiĂŠe par la Free Software Foundation ; sans sections inaltĂŠrables, sans texte de premiĂ¨re page de couverture et sans texte de derniĂ¨re page de couverture. Depuis la fin des annĂŠes 1980, 36 espĂ¨ces de poissons ont ĂŠtĂŠ recensĂŠes au total lors de l'ensemble des opĂŠrations d'ĂŠchantillonage, parmi lesquelles truites, brochets, carpes et barbots dominent. Here the river was diverted for the development of modern agriculture and the construction of the A51 motorway. Le canal de Marseille prend sa « source » dans la commune de Saint-Estève-Janson et se termine à la Ciotat. The 320 millimetres (13 in) depth variation results in significant temperature variations, from 0 to 28 °C (32 to 82 °F) seasonally; daily temperatures have 7.5 °C (45.5 °F) of amplitude in the summer and 10 °C (50 °F) in the winter. Jean-Paul Clébert and Jean-Pierre Rouyer, the Durance, Pri , Toulouse, 1991, in the Rivières collection and valleys of France. In its middle and lower reaches the Durance is affected by the Mediterranean climate: flooding after autumnal rains, with low water levels in summer. Other goods were transported by the river, including salt, those these were subject to ten tolls along the 300 kilometres (190 mi) of the river.[43]. This division allows surveying and mapping of the land at risk.[49]. Les plus anciennes traces d'occupation humaine le long de la Durance sont au confluent de la BlĂŠone (grotte de l'Escale) et datent du PalĂŠolithique supĂŠrieur. It is also depicted beneath a sculpture of a pregnant woman in Charleval, Bouches-du-Rhône. Une vĂŠgĂŠtation arborĂŠe (aulnes et peupliers) se dĂŠveloppe en effet sur le lit de galets du lit naturel.